Full Description

Heat pump water heaters play a critical role in the electrification of residential buildings. This paper presents new features to simulate heat pump water heaters for Title 24 residential code compliance in California. These new features are used to explore how to determine optimal demand response controls for heat pump water heaters that minimize annual water heating time-dependent valuation of energy. During this project, it was found that the domestic hot water draw profile played a critical role in optimizing demand response strategies to avoid the operation of tank heating components during hours with high time-dependent valuation multipliers. Compared to a heat pump water heater without demand response controls, the annual water heating time-dependent valuation ofenergy savings resulting from the final demand response control strategies ranges from 2.1% to 22.7%. While the analysis was performed specifically in the context of residential code compliance for California, the methods can be applied to other situations.