Full Description

This is a report on the first successful membrane softening plant in thestate of North Dakota. During the 1970s, other attempts were made to utilize membranetreatment at other installations in the state. All were unsuccessful and abandoned within a yearof start-up, at great cost. State regulators were apprehensive about using this technology further. Thispaper reports on the history and operations of the Gwinner, North Dakota Reverse OsmosisWater Treatment Facility, which was constructed in 1989-1990. Topics covered include: system deficiencies; raw water quality analyses forGwinner, North Dakota; design and construction; finished water quality goals; plant operations including pretreatment and reverse osmosis; finished water quality atGwinner Water Treatment Facility; and, membrane element replacement. Includes tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/01/2005 Number of Pages: 8 File Size: 1 file , 620 KB