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Membrane fouling is regarded as a major obstacle in the use of membrane separation for watertreatment. Constant transmembrane pressure experiments were evaluated in dead-end membranefiltration. The hydrodynamics of two filter cleaning methods, backwashing and air-scrubbing, were studied at a transmembrane pressure (TMP) of1.0 kgf/cm2 since its flux was not proportional to high TMP. The methodof air-scrubbing proved more effective than the method of water backwashing, which had little effectonce membrane fouling occurred. Italso should be noted that the shortening of intermittent physical cleaning timeprevented the membranes from fouling in the case of high turbidity. On the other hand, notmuch flux difference was observed in the 4 ranges of constant TMP (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 1.0 kgf/cm2) using artificial rawwater (controlled to 20 degrees Celsius). The flux declinedfrom the initial flux of 0.529 m/hr when the transmembrane pressure was 1.0 kgf/cm2 compared with0.30 and 0.45 kgf/cm2 TMP. As a result, during steady state performance the same flux (0.095 m/hr) wasobtained in the range of 0.30 to 1.0 kgf/cm2. It is noted that flux declined quickly in the initial filtrationtime. Thus, 0.30 kgf/cm2 was an optimal TMPfor controlling fouling under constant pressure. Includes 25 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/05/2003 Number of Pages: 10 File Size: 1 file , 450 KB